At the present time in the scientific community there is a pejorative attitude to common sense, for them common sense is like a sinner’s conscience, which “gets under his feet,” prevents him from doing evil. It is clear why such a situation with common sense took place, it goes against the generally accepted theories of science, and we will have to find out why it happened. For this purpose it is necessary to establish the essence of common sense, and then the essence of logic and mathematics, which form the basis of science.
Common sense is directly connected with the work of reason, it is its product, so we will begin our analysis with how reason cognizes this world, i.e., with the theory of cognition.
We need to establish most clearly the essence of reason, its nature and its functions in this world. What is reason? Reason is the capacity to understand, and it arose to ensure the existence of the universe. The natural form of the universe’s existence is emptiness, as absolute peace, in which nothing exists and can not be, there is nowhere to come from. Emptiness has no properties, but the universe in the form of emptiness does, it is infinite. Here appears the incompatibility of the form of existence of the universe – emptiness and its property – infinity, because infinity can exist only in the form of motion, i.e. infinity is a never ending process. What can create a process in the universe in the form of emptiness? It is the rotation of emptiness itself, the rotating volumes of emptiness creating a never ending process. For the process of rotating volumes of emptiness to be stable and harmonious requires reason as well as feeling and memory. The emergence of mind, feeling and memory in the universe is a miracle that God created, thereby creating matter.
Above we have clarified the essence of the mind, now we have to find out how the mind exists. We exist, and the world in which we exist exists. What does it mean to exist? It means to be in existence, i.e., to be relative to something. In order to create the world out of nothing, there must be true relativity, and it exists between the natural form of the universe’s existence, the void, and its property, infinity. The form of existence of the universe and its property are independent entities, they cannot exist without each other, but they also cannot exist as one whole, i.e. there is incompatibility between them.
The relativity between the form of existence of the universe and its property creates two forms of existence – reality and virtuality. Reality creates true motion; it creates relativity between the rotating volumes of emptiness, which in turn creates extension and duration. Real existence also includes the properties of energy motion, speed, power, etc., motion and its properties exist as one whole, i.e. if you stop motion, its properties, including length and duration, will also disappear.
Reason, in creating relations between things, acts reasonably, otherwise it cannot act, i.e., reason cannot be unreasonable, unreasonable can be reason, relying on false premises in its reasoning. In its actions, reason relies on the natural state of things and events unfolding before it. If a thing moves, reason will fix it, and if it does not move, reason will fix that it does not move. This principle of natural reasonableness is what we call common sense; on the basis of common sense, reason constructs the world in which we exist. For example: if a person tripped and fell, it is consistent with common sense, but if he tripped and flew, it is not. Common sense is a fundamental principle of human existence. Common sense is the basis of relationships between things and between people, i.e., it is the basis of ethical relationships between people. Man cannot exist without reason, hence without common sense.